It will be expected to produce a written briefing paper on child sexual exploitation for professionals. You should take into account that is a postgraduate level.This should draw on research evidence to cover:
What CSE is and how it can manifest;
The difference between CSE and other forms of sexual violence and abuse;
Who CSE affects;
Five or more key challenges re. identifying and/or responding to CSE and useful learning in relation to addressing these challenges;
The key elements of a required approach;
Principles for working with young people affected by CSE; and
The legal/statutory framework.
You are expected to evidence a breadth of reading in their briefing paper – drawing on academic literature and lessons from Inquiries/serious case reviews – and to reference learning to the appropriate sources.
Also, you will need to demonstrate:
Critical engagement with these issues.
Your ability to locate CSE in the wider context of sexual abuse and sexual violence and recognise key similarities and differences.
The identification of the challenges associated with identifying and responding to CSE.
Your ability to synthesise and analyse knowledge and current thinking about child sexual exploitation, and appropriately reference this.
Your ability to evaluate policy and practice in relation to the issue, highlighting gaps, contradictions and good practice.
Your ability to communicate the findings to professionals clearly and accurately, presenting a considered view about the most appropriate response.
Below there is a reference list that i want to use it but you have to be very careful because some of them are my professors.
Reference that must be used:
All Party Parliamentary Group for Children (2014) ‘It’s all about trust: building good relationships between children and the police’ Report of the Inquiry held by the APPG 2013-2014
AYPH (2014) AYPH Be Healthy Website: Case Studies. Available at: http://www.ayph-behealthy.org.uk/case-studies/
Bagley, C., and Young, L. (1987) ‘Juvenile prostitution and child sexual abuse: A controlled study’ in Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 6(1), p. 5-26
Baker, L., Dalla, R., Williamson, C. (2010) ‘Exiting prostitution: an integrated model’ in Violence Against Women Vol.16, p. 579-600
Barnardo’s Scotland (2014) Lessons for Scotland from the Jay Report into Child Sexual Exploitation in Rotherham. A Barnardo’s Scotland Discussion Paper Edinburgh: Barnardo’s Scotland
Barnardo’s (2011) Puppet on a string: the urgent need to cut children free from sexual exploitation Barkingside: Barnardo’s
Barnardo’s (2009) Effective work with sexually exploited children and young people[online] Available at:
http://www.barnardos.org.uk/effective_work_with_sexually_exploited_children_young_people_2008-2.pdf
Barnardo’s and Local Government Association (2012) Tackling child sexual exploitation: Helping local authorities to develop effective responses Barkingside: Barnardo’s
Barter, C; McCarry, M; Berridge, D and Evans, K. (2009) Partner exploitation and violence in teenage intimate relationships London: NPSCC
Brown, K. (2004) Paying the price: a consultation paper on prostitution: response from the national youth campaign on sexual exploitation. London: Children’s Society/ ECPAT
Brown, K. (2006) ‘Participation and Young People Involved in Prostitution’ in Child Abuse Review Vol 15 (5), p. 294-312
CEOP (2011) Out of mind, out of sight: breaking down the barriers to understanding child sexual exploitation London: CEOP
Chase, E. and Stratham, J (2004) The commercial sexual exploitation of children and young people: An overview of key literature and data London: Thomas Coram Research Unit
Clarke, R., Clarke, E., and Roe-Sepowitz, D. (2012) ‘Age at Entry into Prostitution: Relationship to Drug Use, Race, Suicide, Education Level, Childhood Abuse, and Family Experiences’ in Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment Vol.22, p. 270–289
Coffey, A (2014) Real voices. Child sexual exploitation in Greater Manchester. An independent report by Ann Coffey MP
Coy, M. (2008) ‘Young women, local authority care and selling sex: findings from research’ in British Journal of Social Work 38:1408-1424
DfE (2012) What to do if you suspect a child is being sexually exploited: A step by step guide for frontline practitioners London: HMSO
DfE (2012) Tackling child sexual exploitation action plan: progress report July 2012 London: HMSO
DfE (2011) Tackling child sexual exploitation action plan London: HMSO
Firmin, C. (2010) Female voice in violence project: a study into the impact of serious youth and gang violence on women and girls London: Race on the Agenda
Galley, J. (2010) Derby Safeguarding Children Board Serious Case Review BD09 Executive Summary Derby: DSCB
Harper, Z. and Scott, S. (2006) Meeting the needs of sexually exploited young people in London Barkingside: Barnardo’s
Harris, J. and Robinson, B. (2007) Tipping the iceberg: a pan Sussex study of young people at risk of sexual exploitation and trafficking. Final report Barkingside: Barnardo’s
Health Working Group (2014) Report on Child Sexual Exploitation – An independent group chaired by the Department of Health focusing on: Improving the outcomes for children by promoting effective engagement of health services and staff. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/284679/35774_2901509_Child_Sexual_Exploitation_Summary_web.pdf
Herman, J. (1997) Trauma and recovery: the aftermath of violence – from domestic abuse to political terrorNew York: Basic Books
Holger-Ambrose, B., Langmade, C., Edinburgh, L, and Saewyc, E. (2013) ‘The illusions and juxtapositions of commercial sexual exploitation among youth: identifying effective street-outreach strategies’ in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse Vol. 22 p.326 – 340
Klatt, T., Cavner, D. and Egan, V. (2014) ‘Rationalising predictors of child sexual exploitation and sex-trading’ in Child Abuse and NeglectVol38(2), p. 252–260
Klonowski, A (2013) Report of the independent reviewing officer in relation to child sexual exploitation issues in Rochdale Metropolitan Borough Council during the period 2006 and 2013 Rochdale: Borough Council
Jago, S. And Pearce, J. (2008) Gathering evidence of the sexual exploitation of children and young people: a scoping exercise Luton: University of Bedfordshire
Jay, A. (2014) Independent inquiry into child sexual exploitation in Rotherham 1997-2013
McNaughton Nicholls, C, Paskell, C and Harvey, S (2014) Gendered perceptions: what professionals say about the sexual exploitation of boys and young men in the UK London: Natcen, Barnardo’s and UCL
Martin, C., DeMarni Cromer, L., DePrince, A. and Freyd, J. (2013) ‘The role of cumulative trauma, betrayal, and appraisals in understanding trauma symptomatology’ inPsychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy Vol 5(2), p. 110–118
PACE (2014) The relational safeguarding model: best practice in working with families affected by child sexual exploitation Leeds: PACE
Reid, J. and Jones, S. (2011) ‘Exploited Vulnerability: Legal and Psychological Perspectives on Child SexTrafficking Victims’ in Victims and Offenders Vol 6(2), p. 207–231
Ringrose, J, Gill, R, Livingstone, S and Harvey, L (2012) A qualitative study of children, young people and sexting: A report prepared for the NSPCC London: NSPCC
Saldanha,K., and Parenteau, D. (2013) ‘ “Well if you can’t smile you should go home!” experiences and reflective insights on providing outreach to young sex trade workers’in Children and Youth Services Review Vol 35(8), p. 1276-1283
Scott, S. and Skidmore, P. (2006) Reducing the risk: Barnardo’s support for sexually exploited young people. A two year evaluation Barkingside: Barnardo’s
Shuker, L (2013) Evaluation of Barnardo’s safe accommodation project for sexually exploited and trafficked young people London: Barnardo’s
Smeaton, E. (2014) ‘Tackling running away and child sexual exploitation: the role of education’ in Education Journal Vol. 176
Taylor-Browne, J. (2002) More than one chance! Young people involved in prostitution speak out London: ECPAT.
Taylor- Browne, J., Broadfoot, F., Broadhead, L. Downie, A. and McKetty-Campbell, M (2002) Voicing our View, London: ECPAT UK.
Tyler, K. (2009) ‘Risk Factors for Trading Sex among Homeless Young Adults’ in Archives of Sexual Behavior Vol 38(2), p. 290–297
What Works for Us (2011) What Works for Us: Annual Report 2009-2010London. Barnardos/ ECPAT/ NWG/ University of Bedfordshire.
Wilson, B. and Butler, L. D. (2013) ‘Running a gauntlet: A review of victimization and violence in pre-entry , post-entry, and peri -/post –exit periods of commercial sexual exploitation’ in Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy p.1-11
Guided reading – the following is expected reading for this unit:
Barnardo’s (2014) Hidden in plain sight. A scoping study into the sexual exploitation of boys and young men in the UK. Policy Briefing London: Barnardo’s, UCL and Natcen
Barnardo’s (2014) Report of the Parliamentary Inquiry into the effectiveness of legislation for tackling child sexual exploitation and trafficking within the UK London: Barnardo’s
Beckett (2011) Not a world away: the sexual exploitation of children and young people in Northern Ireland Belfast: Barnardo’s
Beckett, H; Brodie, I; Factor, F; Melrose, M; Pearce, J; Pitts, J; Shuker, L and Warrington, C (2013) It’s wrong but you get used to it. A qualitative study of gang-associated sexual violence and exploitation University of Bedfordshire
Beckett, H. and Warrington, C. (2015) Making Justice Work: experiences of criminal justice for children and young people affected by sexual exploitation as victims and witnesses. Luton: University of Bedfordshire
Brayley, H and Cockbain, E. (2014) ‘British children can be trafficked too: Towards an Inclusive Definition of Child Trafficking’ in Child Abuse Review Vol 23 p.171-184
Brayley, H, Cockbain, E and Gibson, K (2014) Rapid evidence assessment: the sexual exploitation of boys and young men London: UCL, Barnardo’s and Natcen
Brodie, I. (2012) Exploring the scale and nature of child sexual exploitation in Scotland Edinburgh: Scottish Executive
Casey, L (2015) Reflections on child sexual exploitation, Department for Communities and Local Government
Cockbain.E. ,Brayley, H and Ashby. M (2014) Not just a girl thing A large-scale comparison of male and female users of child sexual exploitation services in the UKLondon:UCL, Barnardo’s and NatCen
Cockbain, E. (2013) ‘Grooming and the ‘Asian sex gang predator’: the construction of a racial crime threat’ in Race and Class Vol.54 p.22-32
Cockbain, E. and Brayley, H. (2012) ‘Child sexual exploitation and youth offending: A research note’ in European Journal of Criminology Vol 9 p.689-700
Coy, M; Kelly, L; Elvines, F; Garner, M and Kanyeredzi, A. (2013) Sex without consent, I suppose that is rape. How young people in England understand sexual consent London: London Metropolitan University
Coy, M. (2009) ‘Moved around like bags of rubbish nobody wants: how multiple placement moves can make young women vulnerable to sexual exploitation’ in Child Abuse Review 18: 254-266
DCSF (2009) Safeguarding children and young people from sexual exploitation: supplementary guidance to working together to safeguard children London: HMSO
Dodsworth, J. (2014) ‘Sexual exploitation, swapping and selling sex: Victimhood and Agency’ in Child Abuse Review Vol 23 p.185-199
Dodsworth, J. (2015) Pathways into Sexual Exploitation and Sex Work, The experience of victimhood and agency, Palgrave Macmillan
D’Arcy K., Sukhwant Dhaliwal S. et al (2015) Families and Communities Against Child Sexual Exploitation (FCASE) Final Evaluation Report, Barnardo’s and University of Bedfordshire International Centre: Researching child sexual exploitation, violence and trafficking
Franklin, A. Raws, P. and Smeaton, E. (2015) Unprotected, Overprotected: Meeting the needs of young people with learning disabilities who experience, or are at risk of, sexual exploitation. Barkingside: Barnardo’s.
Hallett, S. (2015) Child sexual exploitation: problems and solutions from the perspectives of young people and professionals. Cardiff: Children’s Social Care Research and Development Centre (CASCADE)
Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC) (2015) Online and on the edge: real risks in a virtual world: an inspection into how forces deal with the online sexual exploitation of children. [London]: Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC).
Her Majesty’s Government (August 2015) Government Response to the 9th Report of the Communities and Local Government Select Committee 2014/15 Child Sexual Exploitation in Rotherham: Ofsted and Further Government Issues Cm 9128, HMSO
Her Majesty’s Government (2015) Tackling child sexual exploitation. London: Cabinet Office
Hickle, K and Hallet, S. (2015) Mitigating Harm: Considering Harm Reduction Principles in Work with Sexually Exploited Young People. Children and Society. Early View
House of Commons Home Affairs Committee (2014) Child sexual exploitation and the response to localised grooming Follow up. Sixth report of session 2014-15 London: TSOL
House of Commons Home Affairs Committee (2013) Child sexual exploitation and the response to localised grooming Second report of session 2013-14 London: TSOL
Hynes, P. (2010) ‘Understanding the vulnerabilities, resilience and processes of the trafficking of children and young people into, within and out of the UK’ in Youth and Policy Vol 104 p.97-118
Jago, S; Arocha, L; Brodie, I; Melrose, M; Pearce, J and Warrington, C (2011) What’s going on to safeguard children and young people from sexual exploitation? How local partnerships respond to child sexual exploitation Luton: University of Bedfordshire
Jago, S. (2010) ‘Safeguarding future generations: Challenging and prosecuting perpetrators’ in Youth and Policy Vol 104 p.48-61
King-Hill, S., & Barrie, R. (2015).Perceptions of consent in adolescents who display harmful sexual behaviour. British Journal Of School Nursing, 10(5), 231-235.
Kloess, J, Beech, A and Harkins, L (2014) ‘Online child sexual exploitation: prevalence, process and offender characteristics’ in Trauma, Violence and Abuse Vol.15(2)
Melrose, M. (2013) ‘Twenty-first century party people:Young people and sexual exploitation in the new millenium’ in Child Abuse Review, Vol 22 p.155-168
Melrose, M. (2010) ‘What’s love got to do with it? Theorising young people’s involvement in prostitution’ in Youth and Policy Vol 104 p.12-31
McClelland, G. T. and Newell, R. (2013) ‘Youth Sexual Exploitation (United Kingdom)
Managing Health Needs, Alongside Criminal Justice Interventions’ in Journal of Psychological Issues in Organizational Culture Vol 3(1), p. 247-275
McNaughton Nicholls, C., Cockbain, E, Brayley, H, Harvey, S, Fox, C, Paskell, C, Ashby, M, Gibson, K and Jago, N (2014) Research on the sexual exploitation of boys and young men. A UK Scoping Study. Summary of findings London: Barnardos, Natcen and UCL
Macdonald, M (2013) Operation Kern Learning Review Summary Derby: DSCB
Noble, M. (2015) Serious case review in the case of Child JSH: overview report. St Helens: St Helens Safeguarding Children Board.
NSPCC (2014) Online Abuse: Learning from Case Reviews London: NPSCC
NSPCC (2014) Teenagers: Learning from Case Reviews London: NPSCC
NSPCC (2013) Child Sexual Exploitation: Learning from Case Reviews London: NPSCC
Office of the Children’s Commissioner (2013) If only someone had listened London: Office of the Children’s Commissioner
Office of the Children’s Commissioner (2015) “If it’s not better, it’s not the end” − Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Gangs and Groups: One year on. London: Office of the Children’s Commissioner
Office of the Children’s Commissioner (2012) I thought I was the only one, the only one in the world London: Office of the Children’s Commissioner
Palmer, T. (2015).Digital Dangers: the impact of technology on the sexual abuse and exploitation of children and young people. Barkingside: Barnardo’s
Pearce, J. (2014) ‘What’s going on to safeguard children and young people from child sexual exploitation: A review of Local Safeguarding Children Boards’ work to protect children from sexual exploitation’ in Child Abuse Review Vol 23 p.159-170
Pearce, J. (2010) ‘Safeguarding young people from sexual exploitation and from being trafficked: Tensions within contemporary policy and practice’ in Youth and Policy Vol 104 p.1-11
Pearce, J. (2009) Young people and sexual exploitation: it’s not hidden, you just aren’t looking London: Routledge
Phoenix, J. (2012) Out of place: The policing and criminalisation of sexually exploited girls and young womenLondon: The Howard League for Penal Reform
Phoenix, J. (2010) ‘Living and working on the cusp of contradictions: Consumerism, justice and closed discourses’ in Youth and Policy Vol 104 p.32-47
Phippen, A. (2012) Sexting: An Exploration of Practices, Attitudes and Influences NSPCC: London
Research in Practice (2015) Working Effectively to Address Child Sexual Exploitation: An evidence scope.Research in Practice.
Warrington, C. (2010) ‘From less harm to more good: The role of children and young people’s participation in relation to sexual exploitation’ in Youth and Policy Vol 104 p.62-79.
